The immune system is a very diverse system of the host that evolved during evolution to
cope with various pathogens present in the vicinity of environmental surroundings inhabited …

In the present scenario, immunization is of utmost importance as it keeps us safe and
protects us from infectious agents. Despite the great success in the field of vaccinology …

It is estimated that more than 339 million people worldwide suffer from asthma. The leading
cause of asthma development is the breakdown of immune tolerance to inhaled allergens …

Introduction: Adjuvants are used to improve vaccine immunogenicity and efficacy by
enhancing antigen presentation to antigen-specific immune cells with the aim to confer long …

Despite the many advances that have occurred in the field of vaccine adjuvants, there are
still unmet needs that may enable the development of vaccines suitable for more …

Abstract Adjuvant System 04 (AS04) combines the TLR4 agonist MPL (3-O-desacyl-4′-
monophosphoryl lipid A) and aluminum salt. It is a new generation TLR-based adjuvant …

The lipid A moiety of lipopolysaccharide forms the outer monolayer of the outer membrane of
most gram-negative bacteria. Escherichia coli lipid A is synthesized on the cytoplasmic …

This work describes the nature and strength of the immune response induced by various Toll-
like receptor ligands and their ability to act as vaccine adjuvants. It reviews the various …

Background Noroviruses cause epidemic and sporadic acute gastroenteritis. No vaccine is
available to prevent norovirus illness or infection. Methods We conducted a randomized …

The inflammatory toxicity of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a component of bacterial cell walls, is
driven by the adaptor proteins myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) and Toll-interleukin …