Recent years have witnessed a gradual increase in the bioavailability and groundwater
leaching of toxic heavy metals (HMs) in the environment, driven mainly by anthropogenic …

Background The immobile nature of plants means that they can be frequently confronted by
various biotic and abiotic stresses during their lifecycle. Among the various abiotic stresses …

Plant microRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs regulating of genes involved in
major physiological processes including growth, development, and responses to biotic and …

Abiotic stresses are responsible for the major losses in crop yield all over the world. Stresses
generate harmful ROS which can impair cellular processes in plants. Therefore, plants have …

Plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) and humic substances (HSs) are promising options
for reducing the use of pesticides and mineral fertilizers. Although many studies have shown …

One of the most damaging issues to cultivatable land is soil salinity. While salt stress
influences plant growth and yields at low to moderate levels, severe salt stress is harmful to …

Adapting to climate change, providing sufficient human food and nutritional needs, and
securing sufficient energy supplies will call for a radical transformation from the current …

Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic heavy metal with no known biological function in plants and one of
the most toxic substances released into the environment. Crops, such as rice, maize, wheat …

Drought (D) and heat (H) are the two major abiotic stresses hindering cereal crop growth
and productivity, either singly or in combination (D/+ H), by imposing various negative …

High-throughput sequencing technologies (HSTs) have revolutionized crop breeding. The
advent of these technologies has enabled the identification of beneficial quantitative trait loci …