A model for the pathophysiology of depression is discussed in the context of other existing
theories. The classic monoamine theory of depression suggests that a deficit in monoamine …

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY: Xiaoyaosan, a famous Chinese prescription, composed of Poria
(Poria cocos (Schw.) Wolf), Radix Paeoniae Alba (Paeonia lactiflora Pall.), Radix …

A 3-week chronic mild stress (CMS) protocol decreased sucrose preference of rats and
increased immobility in the forced swim test. It also induced social avoidance and increased …

Brain–pancreas relative protein (BPRP) is a novel protein whose biological function remains
unknown. Here, we report a possible role of BPRP in male rats exposed to chronic …

The chronic mild stress (CMS) procedure was developed in rodents to target anhedonia, the
core symptom of depressive melancholia. Stress exposure has been shown to induce a …

The chronic unpredictable mild stress (CMS) is a paradigm developed in animals to model
the relatively minor and unanticipated irritants that lead to a state of anhedonia in some …

Herbal preparations may be effective alternatives in the treatment of depression, which
remains difficult to manage. Chaihu-Shugan-San (CSS), an oriental traditional medicine …

The aim of this study was to examine if nicotine was able to improve cognition deficits in a
mouse model of chronic mild stress. Twenty-four male C57BL/6 mice were divided into three …

Chronic variable stress (CVS) and manipulations of 5-HT-ergic neurotransmission are
increasingly used as animal models of depression. In the present study, CVS for 2 weeks …

Rhodiola rosea L. is one of the most popular adaptogen and an antistress plant in European
and Asiatic traditional medicine. Our previous studies have confirmed the adaptogenic and …