There is growing evidence from neuroimaging and ostmortem studies that severe mood
disorders, which have traditionally been conceptualized as neurochemical disorders, are …

For a number of patients with bipolar disorder, current pharmacotherapy is generally
insufficient. Despite adequate treatment, patients continue to have recurrent mood episodes …

Abstract Bipolar disorder afflicts approximately 1–3% of both men and women, and is
coincident with major economic, societal, medical, and interpersonal consequences. Current …

The cloning of the gene for the D3 receptor and subsequent identification of its distribution in
brain and pharmacology allowed for serious consideration of the possibility that it might be a …

It has been proposed that antidepressants have neuroprotective effects on hippocampal
neurons. To further test this hypothesis, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), B cell …

There is increasing evidence that multiple sclerosis (MS) is not only characterized by
immune mediated inflammatory reactions but also by neurodegenerative processes. In …

Though l-3, 4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) is universally employed for alleviation of
motor dysfunction in Parkinson's disease (PD), it is poorly-effective against co-morbid …

Dopamine receptor agonists are playing an increasingly important role in the treatment of
not only patients with advanced Parkinson's disease and those with levodopa-induced …

Developing effective treatments for chronic neurodegenerative disorders such as
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) has proven extremely difficult. ALS is universally fatal …

Cell models of neurodegenerative diseases (NDD) can involve expression of mutant nuclear
genes associated with Mendelian forms of the diseases or effects of toxins believed to …