The tryptophan (TRP)-kynurenine (KYN) metabolic pathway is a main player of TRP
metabolism through which more than 95% of TRP is catabolized. The pathway is activated …

Migraine is a neurovascular disorder that can be debilitating for individuals and society.
Current research focuses on finding effective analgesics and management strategies for …

Revealing the underlying pathomechanisms of neurological and psychiatric disorders,
searching for new biomarkers, and developing novel therapeutics all require translational …

Kynurenic acid (KYNA) is an endogenous tryptophan (Trp) metabolite known to possess
neuroprotective property. KYNA plays critical roles in nociception, neurodegeneration, and …

This Special Issue has focused on dissecting the neuroprotective and neurodegenerative
components of neurological and neuropsychiatric diseases, highlighting the latest advance …

Medical sciences have been steadily paving an exploratory path toward understanding the
mechanisms of mental suffering, such as depression, anxiety, cognitive impairment, and …

Memory and learning are essential cognitive processes that enable us to obtain, retain, and
recall information. These factors are crucial for survival, adaptation, and creativity. However …

The tryptophan-kynurenine metabolic pathway plays the most essential role in tryptophan
metabolism, producing various endogenous bioactive molecules. The activation of the …

The central nervous system (CNS) is the final frontier in drug delivery because of the blood–
brain barrier (BBB), which poses significant barriers to the access of most drugs to their …

Pre-clinical research in aging is hampered by the scarcity of studies modeling its
heterogeneity and complexity forged by pathophysiological conditions throughout the life …