Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic non-essential transition metal that poses a health risk for both
humans and animals. It is naturally occurring in the environment as a pollutant that is …

Environmental chemicals have significant impacts on biological systems. Chemical
exposures during early stages of development can disrupt normal patterns of development …

James A. Shapiro proposes an important new paradigm for understanding biological
evolution, the core organizing principle of biology. Shapiro introduces crucial new molecular …

Sex differences in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics characterize many drugs and
contribute to individual differences in drug efficacy and toxicity. Sex-based differences in …

The ability of environmental factors to promote a phenotype or disease state not only in the
individual exposed but also in subsequent progeny for successive generations is termed …

Recent research on the economics of human development deepens understanding of the
origins of inequality and excellence. It draws on and contributes to personality psychology …

Although it is widely accepted that chronic exposure to arsenite, nickel, chromium and
cadmium increases cancer incidence in individuals, the molecular mechanisms underlying …

The emergent field of environmental epigenetics, which studies health effects of
'xenobiotic'chemicals, fundamentally challenges standard models of the biochemical …

There is considerable evidence for induction of differential risk of noncommunicable
diseases in humans by variation in the quality of the early life environment. Studies in animal …

The aetiology of most neurodegenerative disorders is multifactorial and consists of an
interaction between environmental factors and genetic predisposition. Free radicals derived …