Introduction: Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) is a major health problem worldwide. This metabolic
disease is indicated by high blood glucose levels due to insufficient insulin production by the …

The 5-10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) enzyme is vital for cellular
homeostasis due to its key functions in the one-carbon cycle, which include methionine and …

The gut microbiota has been linked to the development of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D).
The underlying mechanisms as to how intestinal microbiota may contribute to T2D are only …

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder that majorly affects the endocrine gland, and it is
symbolized by hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance owing to deficient insulin secretory …

Background Insulin resistance (IR) is one of the major hallmark for pathogenesis and
etiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). IR is directly interlinked with various …

Lipids encompass a wide variety of molecules such as fatty acids, sterols, phospholipids,
and triglycerides. These molecules represent a highly efficient energy resource and can act …

Obesity has been described as a global epidemic and is a low-grade chronic inflammatory
disease that arises as a consequence of energy imbalance. Obesity increases the risk of …

The mammalian gut is inhabited by a massive and complicated microbial community, in
which the host achieves a stable symbiotic environment through the interdependence …

Obesity is increasingly prevalent and is associated with substantial cardiovascular risk.
Adipose tissue distribution and morphology play a key role in determining the degree of …

Components of the immune system are altered in obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D), with the
most apparent changes occurring in adipose tissue, the liver, pancreatic islets, the …