Interest in excitotoxicity expanded following its implication in the pathogenesis of ischemic
brain injury in the 1980s, but waned subsequent to the failure of N-methyl-D-aspartate …

The initial reports regarding a cytotoxic role of calcium ions were published over 30 years
ago. In neurons, calcium ions can gain entry into the cell through several mechanisms …

P2X7 receptors are ATP‐gated cation channels; their activation in macrophage also leads to
rapid opening of a membrane pore permeable to dyes such as ethidium, and to release of …

Three family members compose the pannexin family of channel-forming glycoproteins
(Panx1, Panx2 and Panx3). Their primary function is defined by their capacity to form single …

Abstract Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is a proinflammatory cytokine and a therapeutic target in
several chronic autoimmune states. Monocytes and macrophages are the major sources of …

Intercellular calcium (Ca2+) waves (ICWs) represent the propagation of increases in
intracellular Ca2+ through a syncytium of cells and appear to be a fundamental mechanism …

Gap junctions allow the exchange of ions, second messengers, and small metabolites
between adjacent cells and are formed by two unrelated protein families, the pannexins and …

T cell receptor (TCR) stimulation results in the influx of Ca2+, which is buffered by
mitochondria and promotes adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis. We found that ATP …

While gap junctions support the exchange of a number of molecules between neighboring
cells, connexin hemichannels provide communication between the cytosol and the …

Bridging the gap between basic scientific advances and the understanding of liver disease—
the extensively revised new edition of the premier text in the field. The latest edition of The …