Inflammation is a crucial step in the development of chronic diseases in humans.
Understanding the inflammation environment and its intrinsic mechanisms when it is …

In this review, we support taking polarized immune responses in teleost fish from a
'macrophage first'point of view, a hypothesis that reverts the dichotomous T helper (TH) 1 …

The mammalian interleukins IL-1β and IL-8 are important pro-inflammatory cytokines often
used as markers of an activated inflammatory response, while IL-10 is regarded as an anti …

Background High-throughput proteomics was used to determine the role of the fish liver in
defense responses to bacterial infection. This was done using a rainbow trout …

Background The salmon louse (SL) is an ectoparasitic caligid crustacean infecting salmonid
fishes in the marine environment. SL represents one of the major challenges for farming of …

Temperature is an important environmental modulator of teleost immune activity.
Susceptibility of teleosts to temperature variation depends on the species‐specific adaptive …

Background The immune response is an energy demanding process, which has effects in
many physiological pathways in the body including protein and lipid metabolism. During an …

In vertebrates, the diverse and extended range of antigenic motifs is matched to large
populations of lymphocytes. The concept of immune repertoire was proposed to describe …

Glucocorticoid actions on the immune system are diverse and cell type dependent, and little
is known about cell type-specific interactions and cross-talk between hormones and …

The evolutionary origins of Ig-producing B cells appear to be linked to the emergence of fish
in this planet. There are three major classes of living fish species, which from most primitive …