Retrorsine is a hepatotoxic pyrrolizidine alkaloid (PA) found in herbal supplements and
medicines, food and livestock feed. Dose-response studies enabling the derivation of a point …

WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THIS SUBJECT• The prediction of drug–drug
interactions (DDIs) from in vitro data usually utilizes an average dosing interval estimate of …

Anemia, a frequent complication of chronic kidney disease, is most commonly treated with
recombinant human erythropoiesis‐stimulating agents. Oral administration of GSK1278863 …

This study aimed to establish a practical and simplified method of predicting intestinal
availability in humans (F g, human) at the drug discovery stage using in vitro metabolic …

For certain CYP3A4 substrates intestinal first-pass metabolism makes a substantial
contribution to low oral bioavailability and extent of drug-drug interactions (DDI). In order to …

Intestinal microbes are believed to be involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel
disease. Microbes and their products are generally well tolerated by intestinal epithelial cells …

Prediction of metabolic clearance in extreme individuals rather than the 'average human'is
becoming an attractive tool within the pharmaceutical industry. The current study involved …

Microdosing studies are effective in enabling the early identification of the pharmacokinetic
properties of compounds administered to humans. However, the nonlinearity of the …

Objectives The aim of this study was (1) to determine how closely physiologically based
pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models can predict oral bioavailability using a priori knowledge of …

The nature and extent of drug–drug interactions between oral drugs is affected by numerous
modulators. The effect of the formulation (prolonged release (PR) vs. immediate release …