Stem cell therapy is being intensely investigated within the last years. Expectations are high
regarding mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) treatment in translational medicine. However …

A large number of clinical trials have shown stem cell therapy to be a promising therapeutic
approach for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Since the first transplantation into …

Aims Naturally secreted nanovesicles, known as exosomes, play important roles in stem cell-
mediated cardioprotection. We have previously demonstrated that atorvastatin (ATV) …

Exosomes (Exo) secreted from hypoxia-conditioned bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells
(BM-MSCs) were found to be protective for ischemic disease. However, the role of exosomal …

Rationale: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are tiny membrane-enclosed droplets released by
cells through membrane budding or exocytosis. The myocardial reparative abilities of EVs …

Our understanding of the functions of cardiac fibroblasts has moved beyond their roles in
heart structure and extracellular matrix generation and now includes their contributions to …

The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a homodimeric vasoactive glycoprotein, is
the key mediator of angiogenesis. Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels, is …

Despite improvements in modern cardiovascular therapy, the morbidity and mortality of
ischaemic heart disease (IHD) and heart failure (HF) remain significant in Europe and …

Background A promising approach to the treatment of chronic ischaemic heart disease and
congestive heart failure is the use of stem cells. The last decade has seen a plethora of …

The heart is a complex organ consisting of various cell types, each of which plays an
important role in both physiological and pathophysiological conditions. The cells …