Although long-term memory consolidation is supported by sleep, it is unclear how it differs
from that during wakefulness. Our review, focusing on recent advances in the field, identifies …

Animals have sophisticated mechanisms for coping with danger. Freezing is a unique state
that, upon threat detection, allows evidence to be gathered, response possibilities to be …

An organism's survival can depend on its ability to recall and navigate to spatial locations
associated with rewards, such as food or a home. Accumulating research has revealed that …

Executing memory-guided behavior requires storage of information about experience and
later recall of that information to inform choices. Awake hippocampal replay, when …

Imagination is a biological function that is vital to human experience and advanced
cognition. Despite this importance, it remains unknown how imagination is realized in the …

Although we perceive the world in a continuous manner, our experience is partitioned into
discrete events. However, to make sense of these events, they must be stitched together into …

The restorative function of sleep is shaped by its duration, timing, continuity, subjective
quality, and efficiency. Current sleep recommendations specify only nocturnal duration and …

The evolutionary origins of sleep and its sub-states, rapid eye movement (REM) and non-
REM (NREM) sleep, found in mammals and birds, remain a mystery. Although the discovery …

Memory reactivations and replay, widely reported in the hippocampus and cortex across
species, have been implicated in memory consolidation, planning, and spatial and skill …

Experience-related brain activity patterns reactivate during sleep, wakeful rest, and brief
pauses from active behavior. In parallel, machine learning research has found that …