The word “elective” refers to medications and procedures undertaken by choice or with a
lower grade of prioritization. Patients usually use elective medications or undergo elective …

Adaptive optics (AO) is employed for the continuous measurement and correction of ocular
aberrations. Human eye refractive errors (lower-order aberrations such as myopia and …

Drs. Paul L. Kaufman, Albert Alm, Leonard A Levin, Siv FE Nilsson, James Ver Hoeve, and
Samuel Wu present the 11th Edition of the classic text Adler's Physiology of the Eye …

In recent years, there has been an overwhelming influx of different types of intraocular
lenses (IOLs) as treatment for presbyopia. The extended depth-of-focus (EDOF) technology …

Background: Myopia is one of the most common causes of vision impairment in children and
adults and has become a public health priority with its growing prevalence worldwide. This …

Introduction The aim of this study was to compare the functional optical zone (FOZ) after
correction of high myopic astigmatism and low myopic astigmatism by small-incision …

Purpose: To establish and validate the accuracy of implantable collamer lens (ICL) vault size
prediction formula based on preoperative biometric factors and lens parameters. Methods …

The cornea is the main refractive medium of the human eye, and its clarity is critical to visual
acuity. Corneal optical density (COD) is an important index to describe corneal …

This meta‐analysis review compares the primary and secondary outcomes of transepithelial
photorefractive keratectomy (TPRK) to the conventional photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) …

Refractive errors are the leading cause of reversible visual impairment worldwide. In
addition to the desired spectacle independence, refractive procedures can improve quality …