Water is an exceptionally essential source for the presence of life on the earth. The water
quality has seriously affected because of the overgrowth of the population, human activities …

Adsorption is one of the oldest and extensively studied techniques for water and wastewater
treatment. As a surface phenomenon, adsorption efficiency relies heavily on the surface …

Water pollution by heavy metal ions is currently of great concern due to their high toxicity
and carcinogenicity. In recent years, great efforts have been devoted to the search for new …

Lignin is a highly aromatic low value biomass residue, which can be utilized for chemicals,
fuels and materials production. In recent years significant attention has focused on …

Ascribing to their significant differences in physicochemical properties, it is extremely
challenging to treat complex wastewater containing more than one class of pollutants via …

The supply of affordable drinking and sufficiently clean water for human consumption is one
of the world's foremost environmental problems and a large number of scientific research …

Wastewater containing highly toxic, non-biodegradable and carcinogenic organic dyes and
metal ions has been regarded as a severe threat to ecological environment and human …

Lignin is one of the most abundant biopolymers on Earth and is considered as the primary
resource of aromatic compounds. Recently, lignin has attracted attention from scientists and …

Presence of toxic and recalcitrant heavy metal ions in industrial effluents is a major
environmental concern. These fatal metal ions are not only hazardous in exceeding …

Heavy metals have raised an increasing number of pollution incidents and resulted in potent
damages to aquatic ecosystems and human health. Thus, effective and efficient approaches …