In addition to their conventional role as a conduit system for gases, nutrients, waste products
or cells, blood vessels in the skeletal system play active roles in controlling multiple aspects …

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder that increases fracture risk, interferes with bone
formation, and impairs fracture healing. Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and type 2 …

The goal of the work was the manufacturing of hydroxyapatite microsphere/polylactic acid
(PLA) scaffolds by means of fused deposition modelling (FDM). Micrometer-sized …

Bone vasculature and bone marrow vascular niches supply oxygen, nutrients, and secrete
angiocrine factors required for the survival, maintenance, and selfrenewal of stem and …

Clinical translation of cellbased products is hampered by their limited predictive in vivo
performance. To overcome this hurdle, engineering strategies advocate to fabricate tissue …

Fractures heal predominantly through the process of endochondral ossification. The classic
model of endochondral ossification holds that chondrocytes mature to hypertrophy, undergo …

As the world population rises, osteoporotic fracture is an emerging global threat to the well-
being of elderly patients. The process of fracture healing by intramembranous ossification …

This review focuses on current tissue engineering strategies for promoting vascularized
bone regeneration. We review the role of angiogenic growth factors in promoting …

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disease known by the presence of
elevated blood glucose levels. Nowadays, it is perceived as a worldwide epidemic, with a …

Initiation of endogenous repair mechanisms, including key steps of stem cell recruitment and
cartilage intermediate formation in endochondral ossification, is vital to regeneration of large …