Spiders have been evolving complex and diverse repertoires of peptides in their venoms
with vast pharmacological activities for more than 300 million years. Spiders use their …

In millions of years, spiders have optimized their venoms in order to assure successful prey
capture and defence against predators. Spider venoms have become unique cocktails of …

Spider venoms are known to contain proteins and polypeptides that perform various
functions including antimicrobial, neurotoxic, analgesic, cytotoxic, necrotic, and …

Ethnopharmacological relevance Descurainia sophia (L.)(Brassicaceae), popularly known
as “Khaksheer”, is a native species widely distributed in Iran. The seeds and essential oil …

Abstract Development of therapeutic agents that have fewer adverse effects and have higher
efficacy for diseases, such as cancer, metabolic disorders, neurological diseases, infections …

Phoneutria nigriventer venom (PNV) is a complex mixture of toxins exerting multiple
pharmacological effects that ultimately result in severe local pain at the site of the bite. It has …

Purpose: Evaluation of PnPP-19 safety and efficacy in reducing the intraocular pressure
(IOP) of animals with healthy (normotensive) and ocular hypertensive eyes. PnPP-19 is a …

Ganoderma lucidum, which contains numerous biologically active compounds, is known
worldwide as a medicinal basidiomycete. Because of its application for the prevention and …

The concept of pain encompasses a complex interplay of sensory and emotional
experiences associated with actual or potential tissue damage. Accurately describing and …

Ethnopharmacological relevance Lotus corniculatus L.(Fabaceae) traditionally used in
Persian folk medicine to heal peritoneal inflammation and back pain. Aim of the study To …