Co-infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the leading cause of death in individuals
infected with HIV-1. It has long been known that HIV-1 infection alters the course of M …

Although antiretroviral therapy effectively controls human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
replication, a residual chronic immune activation/inflammation persists throughout the …

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a leading cause of death globally. Dissemination of TB to the
brain results in the most severe form of extrapulmonary TB, tuberculous meningitis (TBM) …

Most antibiotics are produced by soil microbes and typically interfere with macromolecular
synthesis processes as their antibacterial mechanism of action. These natural products are …

Innate immune system provides the first line of defense against pathogenic organisms. It has
a varied and large collection of molecules known as pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) …

Tuberculosis is an ancient human disease, estimated to have originated and evolved over
thousands of years alongside modern human populations. Despite considerable advances …

Globally, about 36.7 million people were living with HIV infection at the end of 2015. The
most frequent infection co-occurring with HIV-1 is Mycobacterium tuberculosis—374,000 …

Tuberculosis (TB), which is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), remains the
leading cause of death worldwide from a single infectious pathogen. Mtb is a paradigmatic …

Antiretroviral therapy (ART), while essential in combatting tuberculosis (TB) and HIV
coinfection, is often complicated by the TB-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory …

Lysosomal cathepsin B (CTSB) has been proposed to play a role in the induction of acute
inflammation. We hypothesised that the presence of active CTSB in the cytosol is crucial for …