Drug consumption is driven by a drug's pharmacological effects, which are experienced as
rewarding, and is influenced by genetic, developmental, and psychosocial factors that …

Behaviours such as eating, copulating, defending oneself or taking addictive drugs begin
with a motivation to initiate the behaviour. Both this motivational drive and the behaviours …

Advances in neuroscience identified addiction as a chronic brain disease with strong
genetic, neurodevelopmental, and sociocultural components. We here discuss the circuit …

Relatively little is known about the neuropathophysiology of binge-eating disorder (BED).
Here, the evidence from neuroimaging, neurocognitive, genetics, and animal studies are …

Importance Stimulant use disorder is common, affecting between 0.3% and 1.1% of the
population, and costs more than $85 billion per year globally. There are no licensed …

A major challenge in understanding substance-use disorders lies in uncovering why some
individuals become addicted when exposed to drugs, whereas others do not. Although …

The use of Positron emission tomography (PET) to study the effects of acute and chronic
alcohol on the human brain has enhanced our understanding of the mechanisms underlying …

The positron emission tomography (PET) molecular imaging technique has gained its
universal value as a remarkable tool for medical diagnosis and biomedical research …

Opioid use in the United States has steadily risen since the 1990s, along with staggering
increases in addiction and overdose fatalities. With this surge in prescription and illicit opioid …

Dopamine plays a key role in reward behavior, yet the association of drug dependence as a
chronic, relapsing disorder with the genes encoding the various dopaminergic receptor …