Thyroid cancer is a common endocrine malignancy. There has been exciting progress in
understanding its molecular pathogenesis in recent years, as best exemplified by the …

Clinicians have long sought to characterize biological markers of neoplasia as objective
indicators of tumor presence, pathogenicity, and prognosis. Armed with data that correlate …

Background: Aberrant activation of the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway
plays a fundamental role in thyroid tumorigenesis, particularly in follicular thyroid cancer …

Background: The BRAF V600E mutation is highly specific to papillary thyroid carcinoma. A
test for this mutation may increase the diagnostic accuracy of fine-needle aspiration cytology …

Differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) is the most common endocrinological malignancy. There
are several histological variants such as papillary and follicular thyroid carcinoma. Many …

Background: Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) upregulation has been reported to be
involved in the pathogenesis of thyroid tumors, and treatment with the mTOR inhibitor …

Context: Radioiodine ablation is commonly used to treat thyroid cancer, but a major
challenge is often the loss of radioiodine avidity of the cancer caused by aberrant silencing …

Thyroid malignancies are the most common endocrine system carcinomas, with four
histopathological forms. The phosphoinositide 3-kinase–protein kinase B/AKT (PI3K …

Lung cancer is recognized as a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide and its
frequency is still increasing. The prognosis in lung cancer is poor and limited by the …

Abstract Learning Objectives After completing this course, the reader will be able to:
Describe the role and limitations of traditional treatments for metastatic differentiated thyroid …