In the last century, the paradigm of fear conditioning has greatly evolved in a variety of
scientific fields. The techniques, protocols, and analysis methods now most used have …

Heart rate variability (HRV) is a measurement of the fluctuation of time between each
heartbeat and reflects the function of the autonomic nervous system. HRV is an important …

Background Heart rate variability (HRV) in patients with emotional disorders and healthy
controls (HCs) has been investigated in many studies but the difference between these …

Survival requires the integration of external information and interoceptive cues to effectively
guide advantageous behaviors, particularly foraging and other behaviors that promote …

Objective Age is associated with changes in autonomic nervous system activity. These
changes are assessed using heart rate variability (HRV) indicators; however, the effect of …

Establishing quantifiable biological markers associated with anxiety will increase the
objectivity of phenotyping and enhance genetic research of anxiety disorders. Heart rate …

Research on respiratory sinus arrhythmia, or high-frequency heart rate variability (its
frequency-domain equivalent), has been popular in psychology and the behavioral sciences …

The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is responsible for the precise regulation of tissue
functions and organs and, thus, is crucial for optimal stress reactivity, adaptive responses …

Background Reduced vagally-mediated heart rate variability (HRV) has been associated
with anxiety disorders (AD). The aim of this study was to use a wearable device and remote …

Background Performance anxiety is the most frequently reported anxiety disorder among
professional musicians. Typical symptoms are-on a physical level-the consequences of an …