Here, we provide an update of our review on homeobox genes that we wrote together with
Walter Gehring in 1994. Since then, comprehensive surveys of homeobox genes have …

The pancreas is an essential organ for proper nutrient metabolism and has both endocrine
and exocrine function. In the past two decades, knowledge of how the pancreas develops …

Diabetes is associated with β cell failure. But it remains unclear whether the latter results
from reduced β cell number or function. FoxO1 integrates β cell proliferation with adaptive β …

Pdx1 is a homeobox-containing transcription factor that plays a key role in pancreatic
development and adult β cell function. In this study, we traced the fate of adult β cells after …

Pancreatic β-cell failure is a critical event in the onset of both main types of diabetes mellitus
but underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. β-cells have low anti-oxidant capacity …

Gene expression is tightly regulated, with many genes exhibiting cell-specific silencing
when their protein product would disrupt normal cellular function. This silencing is largely …

Abstract Purpose of Review To discuss the current understanding of “β cell identity” and
factors underlying altered identity of pancreatic β cells in diabetes, especially in humans …

Postnatal maintenance or regeneration of pancreatic beta cells is considered to occur
exclusively via the replication of existing beta cells, but clinically meaningful restoration of …

Insulin-producing pancreatic β cells in mice can slowly regenerate from glucagon-producing
α cells in settings like β cell loss, but the basis of this conversion is unknown. Moreover, it …

The pancreas is an endoderm-derived glandular organ that participates in the regulation of
systemic glucose metabolism and food digestion through the function of its endocrine and …