We present a comprehensive overview of the neurobiology of unipolar major depression
and antidepressant drug action, integrating data from affective neuroscience, neuro-and …

The forced swim test (FST) is a behavioral test in rodents which was developed in 1978 by
Porsolt and colleagues as a model for predicting the clinical efficacy of antidepressant …

The dentate gyrus of the hippocampus continues to produce new neurons throughout
adulthood. Adult neurogenesis has been linked to hippocampal function, including learning …

The neurogenesis hypothesis of depression posits (1) that neurogenesis in the subgranular
zone of the dentate gyrus is regulated negatively by stressful experiences and positively by …

Major depressive disorder (MDD), also known as unipolar depression, is one of the leading
causes of disability and disease worldwide. The signs and symptoms are low self‑esteem …

In recent years, both major depression and antidepressant therapy have been linked to adult
hippocampal neurogenesis. The hippocampus is not a homogeneous brain area, and a …

Several lines of evidence suggest that adult neurogenesis, the production of new neurons in
adulthood, may play a role in psychiatric disorders, including depression, anxiety, and …

Stress is a critical environmental trigger for the development of clinical depression, yet little
is known about the specific neurobiological mechanisms by which stress influences the …

Stress during pregnancy and the postpartum can influence the well-being of both the mother
and her offspring. Prolonged elevated levels of glucocorticoids are associated with …

Stress, unaccompanied by signs of post-traumatic stress disorder, is known to decrease grey
matter volume (GMV) in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and hippocampus but not the …