Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), one of the most common chronic diseases
and a leading cause of death, has historically been considered a disease of men. However …

COPD is a highly debilitating disease that represents a substantial and growing health
burden in women. There is increasing evidence for sex-related differences in COPD risk …

Sex differences in the anatomy and physiology of the respiratory system have been widely
reported. These intrinsic sex differences have also been shown to modulate the …

Rationale: Little is known about the clinical factors associated with the development of lung
cancer in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), although airway …

Background There is partial evidence that COPD is expressed differently in women than in
men, namely on symptoms, pulmonary function, exacerbations, comorbidities or prognosis …

Airway luminal area is the major determinant of resistance to airflow in the tracheobronchial
tree. Women may have smaller central conducting airways than men; however, previous …

Rationale: There is limited knowledge regarding sex differences and outcomes in patients
with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Objectives: Determine sex differences …

There is evidence to suggest sex differences exists in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
(COPD) clinical expression. We investigated sex differences in health status perception …

Background The Global Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) 2011 revision recommends the
multidimensional assessment of COPD including comorbidities and has developed a …

Background: The Dyspnoea, Obstruction, Smoking, Exacerbation (DOSE) index was
designed to assess disease severity and for the clinical management of chronic obstructive …