Fractional differential mathematical model describing the dynamics of hepatitis B viral
infection with DNA-containing capsids, the liver hepatocytes and the humoral immune …

This article deals with a Caputo fractional-order viral model that incorporates the non-
cytolytic immune hypothesis and the mechanism of viral replication inhibition. Firstly, we …

In this paper, we investigate the dynamical behavior of two nonlinear models for viral
infection with humoral immune response. The first model contains four compartments; …

Mathematical analysis of epidemics is crucial for the prediction of diseases over time and
helps to guide decision makers in terms of public health policy. It is in this context that the …

The goal of this paper is to study the threshold dynamics of an HIV-1 viral infection model
with cell-mediated immune responses and direct cell-to-cell transmission mechanism. The …

In this paper, we explore the effect of the stochastic environmental fluctuations on the
dynamics of an HIV system with both virus-to-cell and cell-to-cell transmissions, intracellular …

Direct cell-to-cell transmission of HIV-1 is proved to be a more efficient means of virus
infection than virus-to-cell transmission. In this paper, we incorporate both virus-to-cell and …

We incorporate three distributed time delays into the model of pathogen dynamics with
antibody and Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte (CTL) immune responses. We consider both actively …

In this paper, we investigate the dynamical behavior of a virus infection model with general
incidence rate and humoral immunity. By using suitable Lyapunov functional and the …

In this paper, we investigate the dynamical behavior of a virus infection model with delayed
humoral immunity. By using suitable Lyapunov functional and the LaSalleʼs invariance …