The central nervous system (CNS) of chordates, including humans, develops as a hollow
tube with ciliated walls containing cerebrospinal fluid. However, most of the animals …

During vertebrate development, embryonic cells pass through a continuum of transitory
pluripotent states that precede multi-lineage commitment and morphogenesis. Such states …

Neural crest cells exemplify cellular diversification from a multipotent progenitor population.
However, the full sequence of early molecular choices orchestrating the emergence of …

Most of the cranial sense organs of vertebrates arise from embryonic structures known as
cranial placodes. Such placodes also give rise to sensory neurons that transmit information …

The evolution of vertebrates from an invertebrate chordate ancestor involved the evolution of
new organs, tissues, and cell types. It was also marked by the origin and duplication of new …

The vertebrate head skeleton has evolved a myriad of forms since their divergence from
invertebrate chordates. The connection between novel gene expression and cell types is …

Vertebrates have distinct tissues which are not present in invertebrate chordates nor other
metazoans. The rise of these tissues also coincided with at least one round of whole …

Jawed vertebrates (gnathostomes) have been the dominant lineage of deuterostomes for
nearly three hundred fifty million years. Only a few lineages of jawless vertebrates remain in …

Wolves howl and dogs bark, both are able to produce variants of either vocalization, but we
see a distinct difference in usage between wild and domesticate. Other domesticates also …

Neural crest cells exemplify cellular diversification from a multipotent progenitor population.
However, the full sequence of molecular choices orchestrating the emergence of neural …