Cardiovascular defects, injuries, and degenerative diseases often require surgical
intervention and the use of implantable replacement material and conduits. Traditional …

Acute type A aortic dissection (ATAAD) is still one of the most challenging diseases that
cardiac surgeons encounter. This review is based on the current literature and includes the …

Background: The cells that form the arterial wall contribute to multiple vascular diseases.
The extent of cellular heterogeneity within these populations has not been fully …

Thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) has been associated with mutations affecting members of
the TGF-β signaling pathway, or components and regulators of the vascular smooth muscle …

Retinoblastoma (RB) is a rare aggressive intraocular malignancy of childhood that has the
potential to affect vision, and can even be fatal in some children. While the tumor can be …

The transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) is a crucial cytokine that get increasing concern
in recent years to treat human diseases. This signal controls multiple cellular responses …

The aortic root is the predominant site for development of aneurysm caused by
heterozygous loss-of-function mutations in positive effectors of the transforming growth factor …

Background: Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is the most common congenital cardiovascular
disease in general population and is frequently associated with the development of thoracic …

Thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) is an increasingly recognized condition that is often
diagnosed incidentally. This review discusses ten of the most relevant epidemiological and …

Thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) is a lethal disease, with a natural history of enlarging
progressively until dissection or rupture occurs. Since the discovery almost 20 years ago that …