Despite the high prevalence of performance-enhancing drug (PED) use, media attention has
focused almost entirely on PED use by elite athletes to illicitly gain a competitive advantage …

The use of substances and medications with potential cardiovascular effects among those
practicing sports and physical activity has progressively increased in recent years. This is …

Although sudden cardiac death (SCD) is one of the most important modes of death in
Western countries, pathologists and public health physicians have not given this problem …

Background and objectives: Anabolic-androgenic steroids (AASs) are a group of synthetic
molecules derived from testosterone and its related precursors. AASs are widely used illicitly …

Anabolic androgenic steroids (AASs) represent a large group of synthetic derivatives of
testosterone, produced to maximize anabolic effects and minimize the androgenic ones …

The use of doping agents is evident within competitive sport in senior and junior age groups,
where they are taken by non-elite as well as elite participants. They are also taken in non …

Since the 1970s anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) have been abused at ever increasing
rates in competitive athletics, in recreational sports and in bodybuilding. Exceedingly high …

Anabolic androgenic steroids (AASs) are prescribed for medical conditions related to low
testosterone. Abuse of AASs has surged as they become recognised as potent image …

Doping in sport is a widespread problem not just among elite athletes, but even more so in
recreational sports. In scientific literature, major emphasis is placed on doping detection …

Myocarditis is an important cause of arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death (SCD) in both
physically active individuals and athletes. Elite athletes seem to have an increased risk for …