Climate change is an invisible, silent killer with calamitous effects on living organisms. As
the sessile organism, plants experience a diverse array of abiotic stresses during …

Salinized land is slowly spreading across the world. Reduced crop yields and quality due to
salt stress threaten the ability to feed a growing population. We discussed the mechanisms …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) are produced in all aerobic life forms
under both physiological and adverse conditions. Unregulated ROS/NO generation causes …

Agriculture is expanding into regions that are affected by salinity. This review considers the
energetic costs of salinity tolerance in crop plants and provides a framework for a …

Plant responses to abiotic stress include various modifications in amino acid metabolism. By
using a hydroponic culture system, we systematically investigate modification in amino acid …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are highly reactive reduced oxygen molecules that result
from aerobic metabolism. The common forms are the superoxide anion (O2∙−) and hydrogen …

Plant central metabolism generates reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are key
regulators that mediate signalling pathways involved in developmental processes and plant …

Mitochondria are central to cellular metabolism and energy conversion. In plants they also
enable photosynthesis through additional components and functional flexibility. A majority of …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced as undesirable by‐products of metabolism in
various cellular compartments, especially in response to unfavorable environmental …

Oxygen is an indispensable substrate for many biochemical reactions in plants, including
energy metabolism (respiration). Despite its importance, plants lack an active transport …