One third of the world's population is estimated to be infected with Mycobacterium
tuberculosis, representing a huge reservoir of potential tuberculosis (TB) disease. Risk of …

Objectives: To determine the long-term incidence of tuberculosis (TB) and associated risk
factors among individuals receiving HAART in South Africa. Design: Prospective cohort …

Background. We obtained estimates of the incidence of tuberculosis (TB) among patients
receiving HAART and identified determinants of the incidence. Methods. We analyzed the …

Antiretroviral therapy and isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) are both effective interventions
to prevent HIV-associated tuberculosis, but work via different mechanisms. We propose that …

Use of highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART) has had a major impact on HIV-
associated morbidity and mortality in industrialized countries. Access to HAART is now …

This observational study assessed the effect of combination antiretroviral therapy on the risk
of tuberculosis among 255 patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and …

Study objectives To assess the restoration of immune responses to tuberculosis, as
manifested by secretion of T-helper type 1 cytokines (interferon [IFN]-γ, interleukin [IL]-12 …

Rationale: Children who are young, malnourished, and infected with HIV have significant
risk of tuberculosis (TB) morbidity and mortality following TB infection. Treatment of TB …

Objective: To determine whether long-term HAART in chronic HIV-1 infection restores fully
functional Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB)-specific CD4 T-cell responses. Design: A …

Highly active antiretroviral therapies (HAARTs) that contain human immunodeficiency virus
(HIV) protease inhibitors (PIs) or nonnucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) …