The first step of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) replication cycle—binding and
entry into the host cell—plays a major role in determining viral tropism and the ability of HIV …

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) entry is a complex and intricate process that facilitates
delivery of the viral genome to the host cell. The only viral surface protein, Envelope (Env), is …

The HIV genome encodes a small number of viral proteins (ie, 16), invariably establishing
cooperative associations among HIV proteins and between HIV and host proteins, to invade …

The major pathway for HIV internalization in CD4+ T cells has been thought to be the direct
fusion of virus and cell membranes, because the cell surface is the point of entry of infectious …

Long-standing evidence indicates that quiescent human peripheral blood T lymphocytes
(PBLs) do not support efficient HIV infection. In resting PBLs, reverse transcription of viral …

Background HIV-1 infection results in hyper-immune activation and immunological disorders
as early as the asymptomatic stage. Here, we hypothesized that during early HIV-1 infection …

Bridging conduits (BC) sustain communication and homeostasis between distant tethered
cells. These are also exploited commonly for direct cell-to-cell transfer of microbial agents …

In resource limited settings, a cost-effective point-of-care diagnostic testing possessing the
characteristics of detecting the minimum viral load of a malady like human …

Autophagy, the major mechanism for degrading long-lived intracellular proteins and
organelles, is essential for eukaryotic cell homeostasis. Autophagy also defends the cell …

CD4 T cells are important cellular targets for HIV‐1, yet the primary site of HIV fusion
remains unresolved. Candidate fusion sites are either the plasma membrane or from within …