Abiotic stresses and soil nutrient limitations are major environmental conditions that reduce
plant growth, productivity and quality. Plants have evolved mechanisms to perceive these …

The visual deficiency symptoms developing on plants constitute the ultimate manifestation of
suboptimal nutrient supply. In classical plant nutrition, these symptoms have been …

Nucleotide-binding, leucine-rich repeat receptors (NLRs) are major immune receptors in
plants and animals. Upon activation, the Arabidopsis NLR protein ZAR1 forms a pentameric …

Salt stress is one of the significant environmental stressors that severely affects plant growth
and development. Plant responses to salt stress involve a series of biological mechanisms …

Salinity is a major threat to modern agriculture causing inhibition and impairment of crop
growth and development. Here, we not only review recent advances in salinity stress …

Potassium, mostly as a cation (K+), together with calcium (Ca2+) are the most abundant
inorganic chemicals in plant cellular media, but they are rarely discussed. K+ is not a …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are signaling molecules essential for plant responses to
abiotic and biotic stimuli as well as for multiple developmental processes. They are …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) are produced in all aerobic life forms
under both physiological and adverse conditions. Unregulated ROS/NO generation causes …

Abstract The calcium ion (Ca2+) is a universal signal in all eukaryotic cells. A fundamental
question is how Ca2+, a simple cation, encodes complex information with high specificity …

Soil salinization is an essential environmental stressor, threating agricultural yield and
ecological security worldwide. Saline soils accumulate excessive soluble salts which are …