Background: Several imaging techniques may reveal calcification of the arterial wall or
cardiac valves. Many studies indicate that the risk for cardiovascular disease is increased …

Use of transcatheter mitral valve replacement (TMVR) using transcatheter aortic valves in
clinical practice is limited to patients with failing bioprostheses and rings or mitral valve …

Background—Atherosclerosis has been implicated as a cause of valvular calcification. The
aim of this study was to determine whether atherosclerotic calcification in multiple vascular …

Background—A low ankle-arm index (AAI) is a strong predictor of mortality and
cardiovascular events. A high AAI also appears to be associated with higher mortality risk in …

BACKGROUND: Mitral annular calcification (MAC) is a fibrous, degenerative calcification of
the mitral valve. The relationship between MAC and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk …

The mitral annulus is a fibrous structure that surrounds the mitral valve leaflets and is prone
to calcification. Despite its common occurrence, association with cardiovascular morbidity …

Valvular calcification is common in the setting of end-stage kidney disease and is associated
with increased risks for cardiovascular disease events. It is unknown whether the prevalence …

Background and Purpose—Mitral annular calcification (MAC) and aortic valve (AV) sclerosis
have each been linked to cardiovascular disease. Whether MAC and AV sclerosis are risk …

It is known that there is an ongoing increase in life expectancy worldwide, especially in the
population older than 65 years of age. Cardiac aging is characterized by a series of complex …

The oldest mitral valve (MV) examined and found to have mitral annular calcification (MAC)
is that of an ancient Egyptian woman who lived almost 4000 years ago. 1 Although this was …