The airway diseases asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are
heterogeneous conditions with overlapping pathophysiological and clinical features. It has …

Beta 2-adrenergic agonists, or β 2-agonists, are considered essential bronchodilator drugs
in the treatment of bronchial asthma, both as symptom-relievers and, in combination with …

Vilanterol is a once-daily dose inhaler prescribed for asthma and chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease. This study involved an investigation of vilanterol stability under acidic …

We sought to design dual pharmacology bronchodilators targeting both the M3 muscarinic
acetylcholine and beta-2 adrenergic (β2) receptors by applying our multivalent approach to …

Bronchodilators, generally administered via metered dose or dry powder inhalers, are the
mainstays of pharmacological treatment of stable COPD. Inhaled long-acting beta-agonists …

Introduction Inhaled β-agonists have been foundational medications for maintenance COPD
management for decades. Through activation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate …

Airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammation characterize the airways of individuals with
asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Hence, therapeutic approaches …

Introduction: Inhaled bronchodilators are the mainstay of the current management of COPD
at all stages of the disease, and are critical in the symptomatic management of asthma …

Severe substance use disorders are increasingly viewed as chronic conditions, much like
diabetes, hypertension, or asthma, requiring profound lifestyle changes and close …

Abstract Inhaled beta-2-adrenergic receptor (β 2) agonists and inhaled muscarinic
acetylcholine antagonists are the most frequently used bronchodilators in the treatment of …