A number of feeding and management practices, dietary electrolyte supplements, and
medications may affect fluid and electrolyte status in resting and exercising horses. The …

Endurance competition requires synchronism and development of metabolic and
musculoskeletal systems. An understanding of the existence of performance-limiting factors …

Key points Exercise results in rapid and large extracellular to intracellular fluid shifts, as well
as significant sweating losses of water and ions. It is unknown whether ions within oral …

Assessment of body temperature is an essential part of every physical examination. As with
all mammalian species, horses normally maintain their core body temperatures within a …

Background Many colic horses are compromised due to the disease state and from hours of
starvation and sometimes long trailer rides. This could influence their muscle energy …

Horses lose high amounts of Na through excessive sweating. These fluid losses can often
not be replaced completely by voluntary water intake, requiring saline solutions as …

Sodium, potassium and water balance, and measurements of acid-base status, haematocrit,
packed cellvolume and plasma total protein, were studied in four adult standardbred …

Background The determination of iCa and iMg is important in veterinary medicine, but their
immediate determination in whole blood is not always possible. Their stability in other …

Summary Four horses (H, J, N and M) undertook a simulated competition exercise test
(CET), designed to simulate physiological and metabolic stresses of the Speed and …

An inquiry was carried out to assess the concentrations of plasma metabolites related to
bone remodelling in 21 saddle horses of Warmblood breed aged 4–26 years, five draught …