Imaging of the postoperative spine requires the identification of several critical points by the
radiologist to be written in the medical report: condition of the underlying cortical and …

Failed back surgery syndrome (FBSS) is complex and recurrent chronic pain after spinal
surgery. Several important patient and surgery related risk factors play roles in development …

Object Failed back surgery syndrome is defined as persistent chronic low-back pain and/or
leg pain lasting more than 1 year, despite of one or more surgical procedures. Instrumented …

Background: Despite the evident progress in treating vertebral column degenerative
diseases, the rate of a so-called “failed back surgery syndrome” associated with pain and …

PURPOSE: Four to fifty percent of patients will develop Failed Back Surgery Syndrome
(FBSS) following lumbar spine surgery. Repeated surgeries lead to escalating costs and …

Background: Lumbar disc prolapse, protrusion, and extrusion account for less than 5% of all
low back problems, but are the most common causes of nerve root pain and surgical …

Objective Low back pain (LBP) is a highly prevalent condition and one of the leading causes
of lost productivity and health‐care costs. The objective of this review is to discuss the role of …

Background The need for revision surgery after a spinal surgery can cause a variety of
problems, including reduced quality of life for the patient, additional medical expenses, and …

Representational body maps are dynamically maintained in the brain and negatively
influenced by neglect, decreased movement and pain. Graded motor imagery (GMI) utilizing …

Background and purpose: Interspinous process devices (IPD) were widely used for the
treatment of lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS). However, whether IPD was superior to bony …