Morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are exceedingly high worldwide.
Researchers have found that the occurrence and development of CVDs are closely related …

With age, parasympathetic activity decreases, while sympathetic activity increases. Thus, the
typical older adult has low heart rate variability (HRV) and high noradrenaline levels …

Background Adequate cerebral perfusion is central during general anesthesia. However,
perfusion is not readily measured bedside. Clinicians currently rely mainly on mean arterial …

Introduction: Chronic hypertension is accompanied by either blood-brain barrier (BBB)
leakage and autonomic dysfunction. There is no consensus on the mechanism determining …

Angiotensin-converting enzyme 1 (ACE1) is a peptide involved in fluid and blood pressure
management. It regulates blood pressure by converting angiotensin I to angiotensin II, which …

Objective This study aimed to investigate the relationships of heart rate variability (HRV) with
the presence, severity, and individual neuroimaging markers of cerebral small vessel …

Sodium (Na+) is crucial for numerous homeostatic processes in the body and,
consequentially, its levels are tightly regulated by multiple organ systems. Sodium is …

Objective Chronic exposure to cold temperature is known to elevate blood pressure, leading
to a condition known as cold-induced hypertension (CIH). Our previous research suggested …

Autonomic parasympathetic neurons (parasymNs) control unconscious body responses,
including" rest-and-digest." ParasymN innervation is important for organ development, and …

Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) are characterized by sympathetic hyperactivity and
insufficient parasympathetic activity, and their high blood pressure (BP) can be lowered by …