Takotsubo syndrome (TTS) has been a recognized clinical entity for 31 years, since its first
description in 1990. TTS is now routinely diagnosed in patients who present with acute chest …

The sinoatrial node is perhaps one of the most important tissues in the entire body: it is the
natural pacemaker of the heart, making it responsible for initiating each-and-every normal …

Sex and gender dimorphisms are found in a large variety of diseases, including sepsis and
septic shock which are more prevalent in men than in women. Animal models show that the …

Boron-containing compounds (BCC), particularly boronic acids and derivatives, are being
increasingly tested as diagnostic and therapeutic agents. Some effects of BCC involve …

Cell surface receptors are important proteins that mediate communication between the cells
and their outside environment, and also play essential roles in the control of a wide variety of …

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) characterized by sex–gender differences remain a leading
cause of death globally. Hence, it is imperative to understand the underlying mechanisms of …

The G Protein-Coupled Estrogen Receptor (GPER) is a novel membrane-bound receptor
that mediates non-genomic actions of the primary female sex hormone 17β-estradiol …

Estrogen deficiency is considered to be an important factor leading to cardiovascular
diseases (CVDs). Indeed, the prevalence of CVDs in postmenopausal women exceeds that …

The medical community recognizes sex-related differences in pathophysiology and
cardiovascular disease outcomes (CVD), culminating with heart failure. In general, pre …

A few decades ago, cardiac muscle was discovered to possess signalling pathways that,
when activated, protect the myocardium against the damage induced by ischaemia …