Adaptogens comprise a category of herbal medicinal and nutritional products promoting
adaptability, resilience, and survival of living organisms in stress. The aim of this review was …

The nuclear factor kappa B (NF-êB) family of transcription factors plays an essential role as
stressors in the cellular environment, and controls the expression of important regulatory …

Here we conducted a large-scale genetic association analysis of educational attainment in a
sample of approximately 1.1 million individuals and identify 1,271 independent genome …

During aging, the cellular milieu of the brain exhibits tell-tale signs of compromised
bioenergetics, impaired adaptive neuroplasticity and resilience, aberrant neuronal network …

Metals are involved in different pathophysiological mechanisms associated with
neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs), including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's …

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is one of the most studied neurotrophins in the
healthy and diseased brain. As a result, there is a large body of evidence that associates …

Astrocytes constitute approximately 30% of the cells in the mammalian central nervous
system (CNS). They are integral to brain and spinal-cord physiology and perform many …

During evolution, individuals whose brains and bodies functioned well in a fasted state were
successful in acquiring food, enabling their survival and reproduction. With fasting and …

Inflammation occurs as a result of exposure of tissues and organs to harmful stimuli such as
microbial pathogens, irritants, or toxic cellular components. The primary physical …

Abnormal NFκB activation has been implicated in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the
signaling pathways governing NFκB regulation and function in the brain are poorly …