Dopamine contributes to cognitive control through well-established effects in both the
striatum and cortex. Although earlier work suggests that dopamine affects cognitive control …

The brain and behavior are under energetic constraints, limited by mitochondrial energy
transformation capacity. However, the mitochondria-behavior relationship has not been …

Apathy is a disabling syndrome associated with poor functional outcomes that is common
across a broad range of neurological and psychiatric conditions. Currently, there are no …

Objectives Previous literature has primarily viewed physical effort as an aversive
experience. However, recent research suggests that effort can also be valued positively …

Why do some mental activities feel harder than others? The answer to this question is
surprisingly controversial. Current theories propose that cognitive effort affords a …

Background Apathy is highly prevalent and disabling in Parkinson's disease (PD).
Pharmacological options for its management lack sufficient evidence. Objective We studied …

A growing body of evidence from neuroimaging studies suggests that inflammatory bowel
disease (IBD) is associated with functional and structural alterations in the central nervous …

A review of the literature published from January to December 2019 on theoretical aspects
of nuclear magnetic shielding is presented. It covers both non-relativistic and relativistic …

Adolescent individuals exhibit great variability in cortical dynamics and behavioral
outcomes. The developing adolescent brain is highly sensitive to social experiences and …

The brain is a highly energetic organ. Although the brain can consume metabolic substrates,
such as lactate, glycogen, and ketone bodies, the energy metabolism in a healthy adult …