The adenosine modulation system mostly operates through inhibitory A1 (A1R) and
facilitatory A2A receptors (A2AR) in the brain. The activity‐dependent release of adenosine …

Adenosine has several functions within the CNS that involve an inhibitory tone of
neurotransmission and neuroprotective actions in pathological conditions. The …

Tissue responses to ischemia influx into neurons. The gating of glutamate receptor–
activated channels effectively achieves membrane shunting, which spreads in waves …

By general consensus, the omnipresent purine nucleoside adenosine is considered a major
regulator of local tissue function, especially when energy supply fails to meet cellular energy …

Adenosine exerts two parallel modulatory roles in the CNS, acting as a homeostatic
modulator and also as a neuromodulator at the synaptic level. We will present evidence to …

There is an urgent need to develop new therapeutic approaches for the treatment of severe
neurological trauma, such as stroke and spinal cord injuries. However, many drugs with …

Summary Complement receptor 3 (CR3) activation in microglia is involved in
neuroinflammation-related brain disorders and pruning of neuronal synapses. Hypoxia …

Adenosine is a neuromodulator that operates via the most abundant inhibitory adenosine A
1 receptors (A 1 Rs) and the less abundant, but widespread, facilitatory A 2A Rs. It is …

This review addresses three principal questions about adenosine and sleep–wake
regulation:(1) Is adenosine an endogenous sleep factor?(2) Are there specific brain regions …

Epigenetic modifications, including changes in DNA methylation, lead to altered gene
expression and thus may underlie epileptogenesis via induction of permanent changes in …