Microneedle patches, also called microarray patches (MAP), are an emerging technology for
delivery and sampling of drugs, vaccines and other materials. This review focuses on the …

Microneedles (MNs) have recently been found to have applications in drug, vitamin, protein
and vaccine delivery. Polymeric MN arrays continue to attract increasing attention due to …

Transdermal drug delivery is of vital importance for medical treatments. However, user
adherence to long-term repetitive drug delivery poses a grand challenge. Furthermore, the …

Swine is biologically one of the most relevant large animal models for biomedical research.
With its use as food animal that can be exploited as a free cell and tissue source for research …

Within the last decade, the introduction of checkpoint inhibitors proposed to boost the
patients' anti-tumor immune response has proven the efficacy of immunotherapeutic …

In 2019, an 'influenza pandemic'and 'vaccine hesitancy'were listed as two of the top 10
challenges to global health by the WHO. The skin is a unique vaccination site, due to its …

Gene therapy is a critical constituent of treatment approaches for genetic diseases and has
gained tremendous attention. Treating and preventing diseases at the genetic level using …

Vaccines have proven effective in the treatment and prevention of numerous diseases.
However, traditional attenuated and inactivated vaccines suffer from certain drawbacks such …

Simultaneous sustained release of cancer vaccines and immunomodulators may effectively
trigger durable immune responses and avoid multiple administrations. Here, we established …

As microneedle-based vaccines possess advantages of high compliance, moderate
invasiveness and convenience that are highly relevant to their unique design, they are …