The traditional two-dimensional (2D) in vitro cell culture system (on a flat support) has long
been used in cancer research. However, this system cannot be fully translated into clinical …

Owing to the importance of stem cell culture systems in clinical applications, researchers
have extensively studied them to optimize the culture conditions and increase efficiency of …

Three‐dimensional cell culture models, such as spheroids, can be used in the process of the
development of new anticancer agents because they are able to closely mimic the main …

In vitro tumor models have provided important tools for cancer research and serve as low-
cost screening platforms for drug therapies; however, cancer recurrence remains largely …

Significant advances in biomaterials, stem cell biology, and microscale technologies have
enabled the fabrication of biologically relevant tissues and organs. Such tissues and organs …

Novel effective treatment is direly needed for patients with pancreatic ductal
adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Therapeutics that target the driver mutations, especially the KRAS …

3D cell culture methods confer a high degree of clinical and biological relevance to in vitro
models. This is specifically the case with the spheroid culture, where a small aggregate of …

The minimal structural unit of a solid tumor is a single cell or a cellular compartment such as
the nucleus. A closer look inside the cells reveals that there are functional compartments or …

There has been a resurgence of interest in the use of phenotypic screens in drug discovery
as an alternative to target-focused approaches. Given that oncology is currently the most …

Cancer occurs when cells acquire genomic instability and inflammation, produce abnormal
levels of epigenetic factors/proteins and tumor suppressors, reprogram the energy …