Bile acids are synthesized in the liver, stored in the gallbladder, and secreted into the
duodenum at meals. Apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter (ASBT), an ileal Na+ …

The oxidized form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is a critical metabolite for
living cells. NAD+ may act either as a cofactor for many cellular reactions as well as a …

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is prevalent worldwide, leading to a high risk of
significant morbidity for both the mother and offspring with complications. Increasing …

Background & Aims Alcohol-associated liver disease (AALD) is one of the most common
causes of liver injury and failure. Limited knowledge of the mechanisms underlying AALD …

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic relapsing inflammatory disorder closely
related to gut dysbiosis, which is associated with alterations in an important bacterial …

Over the past decade, there has been increasing attention on the interaction between
microbiota and bile acid metabolism. Bile acids are not only involved in the metabolism of …

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is an enzyme cofactor, co-substrate, and redox
factor in all living cells and is necessary for maintaining cell metabolism. It has been shown …

Preterm birth (PTB) is the leading cause of perinatal mortality and newborn complications.
Bile acids are recognized as signaling molecules regulating a myriad of cellular and …

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging important epigenetic regulators in
metabolic processes. Whether they contribute to the metabolic effects of vertical sleeve …

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is characterized by glycemia and insulin disorders. Bile
acids (BAs) have emerged as vital signaling molecules in glucose metabolic regulation. BA …