Microglia are the resident macrophages of the central nervous system. Microglia possess
varied morphologies and functions. Under normal physiological conditions, microglia mainly …

Background Neuroinflammation has an important role in the pathophysiology of migraine,
which is a complex neuro-glio-vascular disorder. The main aim of this review is to highlight …

Activation of the Nod-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome
drives release of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1 β and IL-18 and induces …

Background Chronic inflammatory pain significantly reduces the quality of life and lacks
effective interventions. In recent years, human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (huc …

Chronic pain affects the life quality of the suffering patients and posts heavy problems to the
health care system. Conventional medications are usually insufficient for chronic pain …

Background Previous studies have confirmed that the microglial activation and subsequent
inflammatory responses in the trigeminal nucleus caudalis (TNC) are involved in the central …

Migraine is the second most common form of headache disorder and the second leading
cause of disability worldwide. Cognitive symptoms ranked second resulting in migraine …

Background Evidence from previous studies has demonstrated that the gut-microbiota-brain
axis is vital in regulating of behavior and neuroinflammation in the central nervous system …

Background Pain is generally concomitant with an inflammatory reaction at the site where
the nociceptive fibers are activated. Rodent studies suggest that a sterile meningeal …

Background Previous studies reported that URB597 (URB) had therapeutic potential for
treating chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH)-induced neuroinflammation and autophagy …