The tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, otherwise known as the Krebs cycle, is a central
metabolic pathway that performs the essential function of oxidizing nutrients to support …

The uptake and metabolism of nutrients support fundamental cellular process from
bioenergetics to biomass production and cell fate regulation. While many studies of cell …

Macrophages are the most abundant immune cells within the synovial joints, and also the
main innate immune effector cells triggering the initial inflammatory responses in the …

Aging is typified by a progressive decline in mitochondrial activity and stress resilience.
Here, we review how mitochondrial stress pathways have pleiotropic effects on cellular and …

Ultrahigh–dose rate FLASH radiotherapy (FLASH-RT) is a potentially paradigm-shifting
treatment modality that holds the promise of expanding the therapeutic index for nearly any …

Coenzyme Q (CoQ) is a remarkably hydrophobic, redox-active lipid that empowers diverse
cellular processes. Although most known for shuttling electrons between mitochondrial …

Metabolites once considered solely in catabolism or anabolism turn out to have key
regulatory functions. Among these, the citric acid cycle intermediate succinate stands out …

Fumarate hydratase (FH) is an enzyme of the Tricarboxylic Acid (TCA) cycle whose
mutations lead to hereditary and sporadic forms of cancer. Although more than twenty years …

The imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and clearance causes
oxidative stress and ROS, which play a central role in regulating cell and tissue physiology …

Succinic acid (SA) is an important C4-dicarboxylic acid. Microbial production of SA at low pH
results in low purification costs and hence good overall process economics. However, redox …