The basal ganglia are major targets of cortical inputs and, in turn, modulate cortical function
via their projections to the motor and prefrontal cortices. The role of the basal ganglia in …

Glutamate is the main excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain wherein it controls cognitive
functional domains and mood. Indeed, brain areas involved in memory formation and …

Abstract Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized
mainly by deficits in social communication and stereotyped and restricted behavior and …

Gestational exposure of mice to valproic acid (VPA) is one currently used experimental
model for the investigation of typical failure symptoms associated with autism spectrum …

Despite intensive research into the etiopathogenesis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD),
limited progress has been achieved so far. Among the plethora of models seeking to clarify …

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder characterized
by impaired social communication and social interaction, restricted and repetitive behavior …

Background Extracellular nucleotides acting through specific purinergic receptors play a key
role in synaptic transmission and neuromodulation. Therefore, any deregulation of purine …

Abbreviations: ADOS-Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule; AI-anterior insula; ASD-
Autism spectrum disorder; DA-dopamine; DAT-dopamine transporter; E/I …

Objective: This pioneering study aimed to explore the detrimental effects of prenatal
exposure to valproic acid (VPA) on the intricate interplay between microglia and neurons in …