The adapter protein Shc was initially identified as an SH2 containing proto-oncogene
involved in growth factor signaling. Since then a number of studies in multiple systems have …

Alopecia areata (AA) is an autoimmune disease that has a complex underlying
immunopathogenesis characterized by nonscarring hair loss ranging from small bald …

The relationship of the classical receptors and their transcriptional activity to nongenotropic
effects of steroid hormones is unknown. We demonstrate herein a novel paradigm of sex …

Mammalian Dock180 and ELMO proteins, and their homologues in Caenorhabditis elegans
and Drosophila melanogaster, function as critical upstream regulators of Rac during …

Osteocytes, former osteoblasts entombed in the bone matrix, form an extensive cell
communication network that is thought to detect microdamage and mechanical strains and …

It has been found that 4-estren-3α, 17β-diol, a synthetic ligand for the estrogen receptor (ER)
or androgen receptor (AR), which does not affect classical transcription, reverses bone loss …

The prompt clearance of cells undergoing apoptosis is critical during embryonic
development, normal tissue turnover, as well as inflammation and autoimmunity. The …

Glycolysis facilitates the rapid recall response of CD8+ memory T (Tm) cells. However, it
remains unclear whether Tm cells uptake exogenous glucose or mobilize endogenous …

The src family kinases p56lck (Lck) and p59fyn (Fyn) are the most proximal signaling
molecules to be activated downstream of the T-cell receptor. Using an inducible transgenic …

Lipid rafts are critical to the assembly of the T-cell receptor (TCR) signaling machinery. It is
not known whether lipid raft properties differ in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and whether there …