Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) are
two retroviruses that attack the immune cells and impair their functions. Both HIV and HTLV-I …

We have developed a model of HTLV-I infection with two time delays: an intracellular delay,
and a CTL immune response delay. The basic reproduction number R 0, which depends on …

Dual infection with a virus that targets the immune system, such as HTLV-1 (human T-cell
lymphotropic virus class 1), combined with another virus that affects the respiratory system …

In this paper, we investigate a delayed HTLV-I infection model with Beddington-DeAngelis
incidence, CTL immune response and immune impairment. In the model, the intracellular …

In this paper, we include two time delays in a mathematical model for the CD8+ cytotoxic T
lymphocytes (CTLs) response to the Human T-cell leukaemia virus type I (HTLV-I) infection …

Human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are
two famous retroviruses that share similarities in their genomic organization, and differ in …

The paper establish and investigate an HIV-1 virus model with logistic growth, which also
has intracellular delay and humoral immunity delay. The local stability of feasible equilibria …

In the literature, several mathematical models have been formulated and developed to
describe the within-host dynamics of either human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or human T …

Mathematical models have been considered as a robust tool to support biological and
medical studies of human viral infections. The global stability of viral infection models …

The aim of the present paper is to formulate two new mathematical models to describe the
co-dynamics of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and human …