The barley powdery mildew fungus, Blumeria hordei (Bh), secretes hundreds of candidate
secreted effector proteins (CSEPs) to facilitate pathogen infection and colonization. One of …

Bipolaris oryzae, causing brown spot disease in rice, is one of the neglected diseases
reducing rice productivity. Limited knowledge is available on the genetics of host-pathogen …

Plant epidermis contains atypical small chloroplasts. However, the physiological role of this
organelle is unclear compared to that of large mesophyll chloroplasts, the well-known …

Apple scab, caused by Venturia inaequalis, is one of the world's most commercially
significant apple diseases. The fungi have a catastrophic impact on apples, causing …

Plant fungal pathogens represent a highly diverse and formidable group of biotic stressors
that significantly impact agricultural productivity and economic outcomes. The complexity of …

Conidia play a vital role in the survival and rapid spread of fungi. Many biological processes
of conidia, such as adhesion, signal transduction, the regulation of oxidative stress, and …

Fresh horticultural products are economically significant foods that are highly demanded by
consumers worldwide; however, they are highly perishable and susceptible to deterioration …

Most fungal pathogens secrete effector proteins into host cells to modulate their immune
responses, thereby promoting pathogenesis and fungal growth. One such fungal pathogen …

Leaf rust, caused by Puccinia triticina (Pt), is a major disease of wheat and a significant
problem for wheat production in Brazil. The Brazilian variety Toropi, released in 1965, has …

Cladosporium spp., as one of the largest and most heterogeneous genera of hyphomycetes,
are widely distributed worldwide. This genus is usually adaptable to a wide variety of …