Activation of G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) by its agonist, G1, protects the
heart from stressors such as pressure-overload, ischemia, a high-salt diet, estrogen loss …

Background: Earlier age at menopause is widely considered to be associated with an
increased risk of cardiovascular disease. However, the underlying mechanisms of this …

The development of organ fibrosis has garnered rising attention as multiple diseases of
increasing and/or high prevalence appear to progress to the chronic stage. Such is the case …

Background and Purpose—Ischemic strokes associated with atrial fibrillation (AF) are more
severe than those of other cause. We aim to study potential sex effects in this context …

Most women with dialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage 5 (CKD stage 5D)
are in the postmenopausal age group. Early menopause is reported for all CKD stages …

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) has similar prevalence and prognosis
as HF with reduced EF, but there is no approved treatment for HFpEF. HFpEF is common in …

Increased susceptibility to stress-induced myocardial damage is a significant concern in
addition to decreased cardiac performance in postmenopausal females. To determine the …

Aim Diastolic dysfunction is the decreased flexibility of the left ventricle due to the impaired
ability of the myocardium to relax and plays an important role in the pathogenesis of heart …

Oestrogen receptors (ERs) and β‐adrenergic receptors (βARs) play important roles in the
cardiovascular system. Moreover, these receptors are expressed in cardiac myocytes and …

Heart failure (HF) has a substantial burden of disease in the United States. Approximately
6.5 million people age 20 years and older have HF, with about 960,000 incident cases …